Fire Detection Device using IR photodiode

Design Overview

The Arduino UNO in this circuit has the following pin connections and purposes:

• D2: Connected to the Digital Output (DO) pin of the Flame Sensor. This pin will read the digital signal from the flame sensor.
• D3: Connected to one end of a 330 Ohm resistor, which is in series with the anode of a yellow LED. This pin will control the LED.
• D4: Connected to the input (IN) pin of the Buzzer. This pin will control the buzzer.
• 5V: Provides 5V power to the VCC pin of the Flame Sensor.
• GND: Connected to the ground (GND) pins of the Flame Sensor, Buzzer, and the cathode of the LED. This provides a common ground for the circuit.

These connections allow the Arduino UNO to interact with the flame sensor, control the LED, and activate the buzzer based on the sensor's input.

 

Working Principle

A flame sensor is a device that detects the presence of fire or other light sources within a certain wavelength range, which is commonly between 760nm and 1100nm. The flame sensor module operates in a straightforward manner. It is based on the idea that infrared radiation is released by a heated body. This radiation will usually be strong for a fire or flame. Thus, an infrared photodiode will be used to detect this IR radiation. Depending on the infrared radiation the photodiode senses, its conductivity will change. An LM393 is used by the Flame Sensor Breakout Board to compare this radiation, and the digital output is altered when a threshold value is met. Consequently, the circuit implies that an alert will sound and the LED will light on anytime a flame or fire is detected. The fire detection circuit is straightforward and practical because it enables early fire detection, which gives vital time to notify building occupants to leave and may reduce damage by facilitating a quick response to a fire emergency, so saving lives and property.

 

 

 

Code (Tested with Arduino Uno)

void setup()

 

#define FlamePin 2  //  Arduino Pin 2 = Flame IR Sensor Output

#define LEDPin 3  // Arduino Pin 3 = LED Anode (+) 

#define SoundPin 4  // Arduino Pin 4 = Buzzer (+)

 

int FlameSensor = HIGH;           // state of sensor

 

 

void setup()

{

  Serial.begin(9600);  // TX-RX serial communication with Arduino (9600 baudrate)

 

  pinMode(FlamePin,INPUT);  // Configure as digital input

  pinMode(SoundPin,OUTPUT); // Configure as digital output

  pinMode(LEDPin,OUTPUT); // Configure as digital output

 

}

 

 

void loop()

{

  FlameSensor = digitalRead(FlamePin);          // reading from the sensor

  if (FlameSensor == LOW)                         

  {

    Serial.println("Flame Detected");

    digitalWrite(LEDPin, HIGH);                      // Turn ON

    playMelody();                                     // Turn ON Sound

  }

  else

  {

    Serial.println("No flame Detected");

    digitalWrite(LEDPin, LOW);                       // Turn OFF

    noTone(SoundPin);                               // OFF SOund

  }

}

 

 

void playMelody()

{

  // Play a simple melody: C4, E4, G4, C5

  tone(SoundPin, 262, 200);             // C4

  delay(200);

  tone(SoundPin, 330, 200);             // E4

  delay(200);

  tone(SoundPin, 392, 200);             // G4

  delay(200);

  tone(SoundPin, 523, 200);             // C5

  delay(200);

}